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The title of this writing is “Descriptive Study On Imperative Sentence In Sabu Langauge”. This research was conducted to answer research problem; 1. What are the types of imperative sentence in sabu language? 2. What are the function of imperative sentence in Sabu language? The aim of this research was to find out the types of imperative and the function of imperative sentence in sabu language. The writer used qualitative method (interview and recording), base on the data and fact that serve in narrative explanation and did the interview. and the result of the interview show and answer those research problem about the types and function of imperative sentence in Sabu Language. The types of imperative sentence in sabu languae consists of two types those are positive and negative command. while the function of imperative sentence in Sabu Language consist of five function those are 1. Imperative sentence as Instruction. 2. Imperative sentence as Request 3. Imperative sentence as Suggestion, 4. Imperative sentence as Advise, 5. Imperative sentence as Prohibition.
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A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON TERMS OF ADDRESS IN WANUKAKA LANGUAGE
ABSTRACT
Student, Name1 Supervisor1, Name.2 Supervisor2,Name.3
(Meliyati Rowa Logi) (Eltina A.Maromon S.Pd,M.Pd ) (Seprianus A.Nenotek S.Pd.,M.Pd )
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON TERMS OF ADDRESS IN WANUKAKA LANGUAGE
This thesis entitled “A Descriptive Study On Terms Of Address In Wanukaka Language West sumba “.The research questions what are the types terms of address in wanukaka language used for addressing people and how do people one another related to their different social status in the society. The aims of this study asTo find out the types terms of address in Wanukaka language of west Sumba language and To describe the ways in addressing people of high, the same and low status in Wanukaka language of west Sumba language. The data collected from people in wanukaka their daily communication. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The result shows that types of address terms is divide into five addressing name, addressing term using kinship,addressing term using respect, addresingt term using close relationship intimate, addressing term using mockeries.
Key words : Types of address terms, address terms meaning,wanukaka language
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON TERMS OF ADDRESS IN WANUKAKA LANGUAGE
ABSTRAK
Student, Name1 Supervisor1, Name.2 Supervisor2, Name.3
(Meliyati Rowa Logi ) ( Eltina A.Maromon S.Pd,M.Pd ) (Seprianus A.Nenotek S.Pd.,M.Pd )
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
KAJIAN DESKRIPTIF TENTANG ISTILAH SAPAAN DALAM BAHASA WANUKAKA
Penelitian ini berjudul : “Kajian Deskriptif Tentang Istilah Sapaan Dalam Bahasa Wanukaka Kabupaten Sumba Barat”.Rumusan masalahnya yaitu apa jenis istilah sapaan dalam bahasa wanukaka yang di gunakan untuk memanggil orang apa dan bagaimana orang-orang menyapa satu sama lain terkait dengan status sosial mereka yang berbeda dalam masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mngetahui jenis-jenis istilah sapaan dalam bahasa wanukaka bahasa sumba barat dan mendescripsikan cara menyapa orang yang berkedudukan tinggi, sederajat dan rendah dalam bahasa wanukaka bahasa sumba barat . Metode yang dipakai adalah deskriptif kualitatif . Dari hasil penemuan bahwa ada 5 tipe dari kata sapaan, seperti :nama panggilan, istilah panggilan kerabat,istilah penggunaan panggilan rasa hormat, istilah panggilan yang di gunakan hubungan dekat atau intim, itilah panggilan menggunakan ejekan .
Kata kunci :Tipe jenis istilah sapaan, Makna istilah sapaan,Bahasa wanukaka
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FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE ON JOHN MAYER’S ALBUM THE SEARCH FOR EVERYTHING
ABSTRACT
Priskila Daddu Ngediˡ Erny S. N. Hambandima² Zuvyati A. Tlonaen³
English Education Study Program Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Artha Wacana Christian University
[email protected]
The title of this writing is “Figurative Language on John Mayer’s Album The Search for Everything”. Song is an example of literary and musical work where the words are performed to express thoughts and feelings. Figurative language is any way of saying other than the ordinary way. Figurative language are quite important to be learned to prevent any misunderstanding. The researcher formulated one research problem to observe and get the data for the research. The research problem is what are types of figurative language found in John Mayer’s song album. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of figurative language in the song lyrics of John Mayer. The researcher used descriptive qualitative method. This research has shown that this album consist of twelve song, because there is only one song that has no song lyrics. Therefore, the songs having lyrics are eleven. The result of this research those eleven songs become the data for this study, there are six types of figurative language, there are 12 data classified as hyperbole for example i have told you that a million times, 10 data belong to paradox for example nobody goes to that restaurant because it is too crowded, 9 data belong to personification for example the stars danced around the night sky, 4 data belong to metaphor for example your diamond eyes amaze me, 6 data belong to symbol for example she is so beautiful like a rose,3 data belong to simile for example the child resembles his father and 5 data belong to verbal irony for example your hand writing is very good that i could not read it.
Key words: Song, Types of Figurative Language
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AN ANALYSIS ON HOMONYMS IN DELA-OENALE, A LANGUAGE OF ROTE IN EASTERN INDONESIA
ABSTRACT
Atriani N.Feoh1 Thersia M. Tamelan2 Ifoni Ludji3
English Education Study Program Faculty Of Teacher Training And Education Artha Wacana Christian University
[email protected]
This thesis is entitled "An Analysis on Homonyms in Dela-Oenale, A Language of Rote in Eastern Indonesia". This research problem of this study were, (1) What are the homonyms in Dela-Oenale language? (2) What are the types of homonyms in Dela-Oenale Language? The purpose of this study were: (1) To describe the homonyms in Dela-Oenale language in Rote, (2) To describe the types of homonyms in Dela-Oenale language in Rote. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method, data taken from five informants from the Oenitas village community, West Rote District who are native speakers of the Dela-Oenale language. In analyzing the data, the writer used the theory of homonyms and types of homonyms, namely same spelling – category, same category – different spelling and different category – same spelling proposed by Saeed (2016). The results of data analysis, the writer found 75 homonym words. Of the 75 homonyms found, all belong to the type of homonym, namely the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings. In addition, the writer also found a number of examples of words that are homophones-like totaling 11 words. Examples of homonyms are the word fula1 “get ligther skin” and fula2 “month”. Examples of homophone-like words with long and short vowels are the words “they” and see “anchor”. Finally the writer concluded that this research can provide information or knowledge about homonyms in the Dela-Oenale language for people in Oenitas, West Rote District of West Rote Regency. In addition, the author also hopes that the younger generation in Oenitas Village, West Rote District of Rote Ndao Regency, must maintain and preserve the regional language as one of the cultural treasures that must be preserved
Keywords: Homonyms, Dela-Oenale Language
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This research is entitled improving students speaking skill through communicative language teaching (CLT) method at SMP Negeri 1 Kupang. Speaking skill is one of four skills that important in English but some students had problems with their speaking skill. The writer used communicative language teaching (CLT) method in teaching English especially by using picture series to help students improving their speaking skill. The aim of this research was to determine whether communicative language teaching (CLT) method improving students speaking skill. This research used pre experimental designs. The population of the research was 8th A grade of SMP Negeri 1 Kupang. The total of the population was 11 classes, while for sample the writer used cluster random sampling. There were 32 students as sample of this research. In collecting the data, the writer used speaking test, pre test and post test to know students’ speaking skill. The result of data analysis show that the mean score of students on pre test was 7.81. After the treatment given by the writer, the mean score of students on post test was17.34 and the improvement was 12.2 %. The data analyzed by using t-test. The t-test value (5.21) was greater than t-table value (1.69552) the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted and null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. The result showed that there was an improvement on students speaking skill through communicative language teaching (CLT) method.
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ABSTRACT
Stereotypes and prejudices are the facilities for people in order to fell safe in their position in society hence the become our tradition in life (Lippmann 1956).sexism is a stereotype of differentiating or judging people based on their gender ,which cause discrimination and unequal treadment to the garders.sexism can be displayed in every aspects that contribute to our habit and tradition one of them is language.sexist language consciously or not,has been portrayed in everything in our life ,including media such as film.this article observed sexist language in ‘’The Lord of the Rings’’film rtilogy.
This study uses sara mills sexism theory,which classifies sexist language into overt and indirect sexism.In The Lord of the Ringfilm trilogy, there are six types that are included to overt sexism:naming,generic pronouns,generic nouns,compouns wort,non-parallel terms,and derivational.For the indirect sexism,there are two types in the film:metaphors and presuppositions.By observing the categories of sexist language,the effectof its usage towartds the female character in the film can be observed
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ABSTRACT
The aims of this research is (1) to find out translation procedures applied by translator in translating the book Active English Conversation 1st edition from English to Indonesia, (2).To find out the dominant type of translation procedures from English to Indonesia applied in active English conversation textbook. In this research the writer used qualitative method to find out the translation procedures and quantitative method to find out the percentages of translation procedures. The result of this research is (1) the writer find out that there are 156 data of translation procedures applied on Active English Conversation Textbookconsist of (a) Borrowing is 16 data (10,25%), (b) Calque is 18 data (11,53%), (c) literal translation is 113 data (71, 51%) and (d) Transposition is 8 data (5, 12%) , equivalence 1 data (0, 64%) . (2) The dominant type of translation procedure from English to Indonesia applied inactive English conversation textbook is literal translation has 113 data (71, 51%).
Keywords: Language, Translation, Translation Procedures, Textbook.
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The purpose of this research is to describe the body language used in the teaching and learning process in the classroom. The research questions are what are the characteristics and functions of body language used in teaching and learning process?, and what are the types of body language used in teaching and learning process?. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data resource of this research is taken from YouTube channel. The technique of data analysis used are put the data that has been classified into the pictures, identify the data of the pictures and describe the meaning and than interpreted the data. The result of this research shows that there are three thingsof body language used in the teaching and learning process in the classroom.The first is Function of Body Language. There are several functions of body language, such as Repetition, Substitution, Contradiction,Complementary and Accentuation. The second item is Characteristic of Body Language.It is usually related to body movements, such as the body and it’s parts and movements, head language and hand language and it’s parts and movements. The last item is Types of Body Language, such as The Head-Movement and Placement of the Head, Facial Expressions-the face has many muscles, Body Posture, Hand and Finger Gestures and also Facial Expression-to show the face look like in which it has a meaning in communication. The body language is needed in teaching learning process because it can help the teacher to understand students’ thoughts and vice versa students can understand the teacher’s thoughts. This can be seen from the body language shown by teacher and students through body movements and facial expressions.The impact for the teacher to know the meaning of body language, namely, the teacher knows whether the student can receive well or not the lessons given during the teaching and learning process in class and vice versa students can also read the body language used by the teacher to show whether the lessons given to students are understood. Well or not by the teacher.
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This research is entitled "AN ANALYSIS OF METAPHOR IN THE GOSPEL OF MATHEW IN SABU LANGUAGE" Metaphors are two things of implicit comparison where two different objects are compared to the factual, the first is the original meaning and the second is the metaphorical depiction. The purpose of this study was to analyse the types of metaphors and dominant metaphors using Parera's (2004) theory. The researcher used descriptive method. Data collection is done by reading the contents of the Gospel of Matthew based on the verses in sequence, reading it repeatedly, identifying and putting it into a table. Data is also analysed by classifying data, analysing data, deciding research findings, and drawing conclusions. The results in this study contained forty data found in the Gospel of Matthew: eleven types of anthropomorphic metaphors, nine types of animal metaphors, nineteen types of abstract to concrete metaphors and one type of synesthesia metaphor. Therefore, in Matthew's gospel is dominated by abstract to concrete metaphors
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This study is conductet under the title “AN ANALYSIS ON IDIOM WORDS IN MEHARA LANGUAGE AT SABU RAIJUA REGENCY”. The research problem in this research are what are the types of idiom words in Mehara language at sabu raijua regncy & what are the types of idiom words in Mehara language at Sabu Raijua Regency. The aimed of this research were to find out the types of idiom words in Mehara Language at Sabu Raijua Regency & to find out the functions of idiom words in Mehara Language at sabu Raijua Regency. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. The instrument of this research was observation technique and the data were collected through analysis the data. Base on the descriptive qualitative analysis it was found three types of idiom words that suitable with their own criteria. The results showed that three types such as similes, proverbs and fixed statement were used in Mehara Language. The used of idiom words is demonstrated by the 10 informants are: eme wob’ari, kattu wowadu, penga’a wawi hengi’u, ngaka do keweko rulai, aj’u kemuki le ri ngallu, meo para kakro, makka taha, appa b’ue ela, abo pa tapa, kerabba ela, nga’a ngallu, mola nge and etc. Similes are expression which compare two things, they always included the two words as and like (eme wob’ari). In addition, Proverbs are short sentence which refers to something as people have experienced and which gives or warning (keb’ao lui hub’u) and Fixed Statements are expression that can often hear and use in everyday conversation (madera kae). Besides the three types above, also the functions of it’s found are idiom are used for emphasis (paje ne kattu do miwowadu na nanne nga li do kepai), idiom are used to agree with the previous speakers (hauu li pedai), idiom are used to comment on people (keb’ao lui hub’u), and idiom are used to comment on a situation (golo keb’alla).
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ABSTRACT
This thesis is entitled “A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON LANGUAGE STYLE FOUND IN ADVERTISEMENT ON TIMOR EXPRESS NEWSPAPER” There are two research problems related to the What are the types of advertisements on Timor Express Newspaper? What are the types of language styles used in the advertisements in Timor Express Newspaper? The study aims to find out the types of advertisements in Timor Express Newspaper to find out the types of language styles used in Timor Express Newspaper. The method in this research is used descriptive qualitative method because the research basically aims at describing the data in the form of a word or written text. The data were collected from all the advertisements in Timor express newspaper published on September, 10th, 23th, 27th, 28th, 30th, and October, 4th, 6th, 12th, 14th, 15th, 19th, 21th, 22th, 28th, 30th, 2021. The analysis was done by collecting the data. Based on the data found there were forty six advertisements and eleven types of language styles that used in the advertisement of Timor Express newspaper the such as classified advertisement which consist of six types advertisement namely columm row (3), job vacancies(1), house sales(2), car sales(1), classified advertisement(1) and motorcycle sales(1), the writer also found advertisement announsement(4), more than that the which also education advertisement(1), public advertisement(20), product advertisement(2), death advertisement(2), wedding advertisement(1), offer advertisement(1), political advertisement(1), and commercial advertisement(1), sport advertisement (4) and, the types of language style such as affirmation style which consists of two types there are parallelism(7), and epiphora(2) the writer also found compperative style that cosists of four types namely metonymy(7), hyperbole(8),personification(2), metaphore(5), more than that the which also one litotes advertisement and satire, beside that it also used two types of innuendo, three repetition style namely mesodiplosis(3), anaphor(7), epezeuxis(6). The writer found the most language style used in the advertisement is hyperbole.
Keywords: language style, advertisement, on Timor Express newspaper
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This study aims to describe and explain the forms of using honorifics and
systems of using honorifics in the Lewa language. For this reason, the problems
raised in this study are (1) what are the forms of honor in the Lewa language (2)
what are the honorific systems of the Lewa language. The purpose of this study
(1) to describe the forms of honor in the Lewa language. (2) to discover the honor
system in the lewa language.This study used the descriptive qualitative method.
The data comes from the original Lewa language narrative in the village of
Kambata Wundut, East Sumba which was selected purposively. Data was
collected through interviews, observations, and video recordings. then the
research results are processed by checking, translating, and then describing. Based
on the qualitative descriptive analysis, it was found that there are three types of
forms of using honorifics, namely (1) Addressee honorifics, (a) greetings using
names,(older sister and younger brother) (b) using kinship,(dad, mom, grandfa,
grandma) (c) using intimacy,(idol of heart, darling) (d) using respect,(brother and
sister) and (e) using personal pronouns. (f) occupational. (Mr. regent) (g) using
religious, (Mr. Pastor, Miss pastor).(2) Reference honors: (a)kinship, (uncle,
aunt).(b) personal pronoun (he/she,it), (c) non-kinship (3) By standard
honorifics:(a) titles for kinship,(mother in law, brother in law) (b) degree for
professional relations (miss, sir, policeman) (c) occupational position (d) religion
(e) Academic degree (medical students) (f) Nobility status ( male king ,famale
queen) (g) marital status (husban,wife) (h) general respect in lewa language
(male,famale) There are two honor systems in the Lewa language, namely: (1) the
referent system and (2) the social absolute system.
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The title of this Study is a descriptive study on language Styles in the film Greyhound. The problem of this study is what style of language is used in the movie Greyhound?. According to Joos' theory about five style.. This research is intended to examine the language style by all the cast of the film "Greyhound". Language variety is the use of language according to the relationship of speech with the interlocutor for communication with conditions influenced by social interaction. As in the movie starring the four main characters, they are Tom Hank, Stephe Graham, Rab Morgan, Elisabeth Shue. In the film there is a variety of languages. Researchers only focus on speech that contains a variety of languages of five types, frozen, formal, consultative, casual and intimate, because the source of the data in this study is a conversational dialogue in the form of text. The research method uses a qualitative method, namely by looking at the film and then looking for text that contains language variations in the conversation, then grouping it together. With the details of the data as follows: the type of variety frozen four data, the type of formal variety there are forty data, the type of consultative variety there are twenty-four, in the type of casual variety there are nineteen data, and intimate there are eleven data. It can be concluded that from the use of language varieties, the most dominant is the formal variety type, there are forty data.
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ABSTRACT This thesis is entitled “AN ANALYSIS ON DEIXIS IN “LASI KNINO NATUIN NAI LUKAS’’, THE GOSPEL OF LUKE IN UAB METO LANGUAGE (A Language Spoken by People in Amanuban)ˮ. The aim of study is to find out types of deixis in Lasi Knino Natuin Nai Lukas, the gospel of Luke in Uab Meto Language, such as: person deixis, place/spatial deixis, time/temporal deixis, discourse deixis and social deixis. In this research, the study used descriptive qualitative method in the form of content analysis. The findings showed that the types of deixis found in Lasi Knino Natuin Nai Lukas, the Gospel of Luke in Uab Meto Language are person deixis, place/spatial deixis, time/temporal deixis, and social deixis, excluded discourse deixis. The example of person deixis is au, spatial deixis is i, temporal deixis is esla, and social deixis is nai. The inexistence of discourse deixis in Lasi Knino Natuin Nai Lukas, the Gospel of Luke in Uab Meto Language does not mean that there is no discourse deixis in Uab Meto Language. Which case Meto people use it frequently in their daily communication. Keywords: Analysis, Deixis, Lasi Knino Natuin Nai Lukas, The Gospel of Luke in Uab Meto Language.
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The title of this writing is “A Descriptive Study Of Language Style of a song Album “Only Human” “by Calum Scott”. The research is conducted to answer two questions: 1. what are the language styles used in song album “only human” By Calum Scott? 2. What are the functions language styles used in song album“Only Human”by Calum Scott? The writing focuses on the using of language style and the functions in Calum Scott song lyrics. The subjects of this study were all lyrics, phrases and sentences of the song lyrics in Only Human “album” . The aims of this research are to describe the type of language style and research problem is followed by aims function in the song lyric. The writer uses qualitative method, in which the data are sentences in the lyrics of language astyle. That contain of language style in the lyrics. The data are analyzed applying the theory stylistic. The writer found 10 types of language style consist of 4 aliteration, 4 asonance, 4 asindenton, 4 ellipsis , 4 hyperbole, 4 histeronproteron, 4 personification, 4 simile, and 4 polysindenton. Furthermore, for the second research problem, writer found 4 types of language style’s function consist 4 expressive function , 4 referrals function , 4 poetic function , and 4 metalinguistics function . Mainte, the use of this language style aims to produce beautiful songs.
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The research is entitled “ A STUDY ON LINGUISTICS VARIATION OF GENDER IN TETUN FEHAN DIALECT. This study was carried out to find languages variation of gender in Tetun Fehan dialect? and differences in gender of affectionate names between male and female in Tetun Fehan dialect?. Data for this Thesis was taken from the interview of two native informants. In this study, the researcher used a descriptive qualitative approach. By collecting data, then classified the data. The results of the data analysis showed there is language variations of gender in Tetun Fehan Dialect. There are 4 kind of language variation in the term of speaker. The first is based on terms of user Idiolect, Dialect, Temporal dialect, and Social dialect. The second is based on terms of language user variation in terms of utilization and the third language variation in terms of formality, and the last language variation in the term of facilities. Based on the informant, there are impact on listener’s attitudes toward language variation of gender in Tetun Fehan dialect. The level of education, Age, Social level sex/ gender, Economic, and social network/ the impact of their community. Differentation of affectionate name between male and female found based on the data analisysare Veto (female) including Bete, Bu’i, Ferik (mariage female), Ina (grand-mother), whereas Mane (male) including Bo’o, Mane, Katuas (mariage man), Ama (grand-father). The word He’e and Hi’i mean polite and Bete, Bu’i, Bo’o, Mane, are nickname of endearment.
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This study is about Students perception of the use of social media in learning English. The writer conducted this study under the title “A STUDY ON STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON SOCIAL MEDIA TO LEARN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT SMA ADVENT NUSRA.
A. It is what is students’ perception on the use of social media to learn English. There were twenty students of SMA Advent Nusra involved in this study. To attain the aims of this study. The data collected were analyzed using qualitative descriptions. The findings reveal that students have three views on social media experienced during
online learning through social media, namely students' views on the use of social media while studying, students' views on how to learn through social media, and students' views on learning English as a foreign language through social media.
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This research discusses interference. The writer discussed first language interference in speaking English to students of grade A of SMP N 7 Sabu Barat. It is one of bilingualism aspects that occur when someone is learning his/her English. In this case, the interference of mother Tongue into English. It is chosen because students sometimes use their mother tongue that often contains error when they are speaking English. The purpose of the study is to find out types of interference and factors cause interference. The writer focused on speaking English of reading story in the classroom. The writer used descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected from observation and audio recording. The writer selected some sentences included interference by using Weinreich theory and analysed them. As a result of the research, the writer found that most of the students do interference in words pronunciation that they didn’t know how to mention correct vocabulary in English, then in grammatical patterns from which students tend to use their mother tongue grammatical patterns and the vocabulary used they applied their mother tongue when the students do not get appropriate word to express their mind
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This research entitled “A Morphosyntax Analysis of The Pronouns in Alurung Language”. The research problems of this study are: 1). What are the types of the pronouns in Alurung language? 2) How are the pronouns in alurung language used in sentence?. The aims are 1) To describe the types of the pronouns in Alurung language. 2) To describe how the pronouns in Alurung language used in sentence. This research concerned on morphosintax analysis of pronouns in Alurung Language, the used of pronouns in sentence. The data was collected from audio recording that take place in Kokar village, Adang sub-district, Northwest Alor. The method used is descriptive qualitative. There were ten informants that the writer record as the subject of this study. The techniques of data analysis used in this study are transcribing the recording, identifying and classifying the types of pronouns and describing the use of the pronouns in sentence. The result of this study shows that there are 4 types of pronouns found in Alurung language. First, there are 6 personal pronouns such as go, no, mo, fe, kame, ite. Second, there are 4 demonstrative pronouns such as ha, kia, kalli, falli. Third, there are 5 indefinite pronouns such as pirasae, maffa, punamu, apatou, fonokong. Fourth, there are 4 interrogative pronouns such as namongga, erpira, parnang, fiaru, pai. The pronouns have been described by using the 4 types of pronouns.
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ABSTRACT "Efforts of Christian Religious Education Teachers at Kanatang 1 Junior High School in Preserving the Regional Language of East Sumba" Horung F (*) Nuban Timo E (**) Metboki M(**) This study aims to find out what efforts are made by Christian Religious Education teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kanatang in preserving the regional language of East Sumba, Kanatang sub-district, East Sumba district. This research was conducted in June 2022. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Kanatang. With the number of respondents, 2 teachers of Christian Religion, and 10 students were observed. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. From the results of research and data processing obtained from interviews and observations that have been analyzed Christian Religious Education teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kanatang conduct contextual learning which is seen as an effort to preserve the regional language of East Sumba, including; 1). Collaborating on learning activities and regional languages in the Learning Implementation Plan; 2). Teaching students to pronounce and understand the Regional Language (Prayer, Song, 10 Laws, Apostles' Creed and the names of the Old Testament/New Testament books); 3). Translate God's saving work through Bible verses. Judging from historical studies, current efforts are being made as an effort to contextualize Christian Religious Education through local languages. But now these efforts are carried out as an effort to maintain cultural values as self-identity of students in the face of bad influences from the current development of the times. The efforts made by the PAK teacher are still at the stage of reading, writing and memorizing texts that already exist and all texts are sourced from the Bible in the regional language of East Sumba and Ludu Pamalangu (East Sumba Song of Praise). Keywords: Teacher Effort, Preservation, Culture, Contextual Learning, Regional Language Description: Author (*) Advisor (**) .
